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significant criminal and societal challenges linked to migrants, as the exchanging information and experiences at the national and Arab
phenomenon of illegal migration has given rise to the formation of
organized crime syndicates and criminal gangs in multiple European
nations. These alliances frequently originate from particular
nationalities and geographic regions, with a primary emphasis on
drug trafficking activities. Consequently, Europe has become the
second-largest drug trafficking market after the United States.
The book examined several international agreements related to
migration and their connection to crime, including the United
Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. This
convention encompasses a comprehensive set of forty-one articles
that tackle the issue of criminalizing illegal migration, the essential achieve the highest levels of benefit for both origin and destination
measures required to combat it, the pursuit of illegal migrants, and
the methods of international cooperation in effectively combating,
protecting, and implementing necessary mechanisms. The book
also presented the repercussions of illegal migration on security,
economy, development, health, and society.
Furthermore, it delved into the mechanisms to tackle this
phenomenon, emphasizing border control, securing passports
and residence documents, imposing and tightening penalties,
ISSUE No. 447
levels, training personnel, and establishing bilateral and multilateral
agreements regarding illegal migration.
The book concluded with several imperative recommendations aimed
at effectively addressing illegal migration and mitigating its impacts.
One of these crucial recommendations emphasizes the importance
of establishing bilateral employment agreements between countries
that export labor and those in need of seasonal workforce. This should
be done according to the supply and demand law in the international
labor market. Additionally, the book suggests providing secure and
organized human frameworks for migration that meet the needs and
countries.
Moreover, the book recommends implementing development
programs that create job opportunities and livelihoods in the migrant-
exporting countries. It stressed the importance of intensifying
research and studies to make migration an essential element in
comprehensive national development strategies aimed at reducing
poverty and providing employment opportunities. It also suggests
leveraging genuine partnerships among governments, the private
sector, and civil society organizations when formulating migration
policies and programs. The focus should be on enhancing government
capacities to address the problems arising from migration, especially
illegal migration.
In addition, the book recommends that measures taken to curb
illegal migration should not impede refugees from reaching
the country where they seek refuge. It emphasizes the
importance of distinguishing between refugee
cases and illegal migration cases. Forcibly
returning refugees to their countries
and treating them as illegal migrants
could violate their freedoms and
endanger their lives, contradicting the
principles and laws of political asylum.
The book advocates for the protection
of refugees in cases where there are valid
reasons to fear persecution based on race,
religion, sex, or belonging to a specific social
group.
Additionally, the book suggests taking effective
measures to promote the social and economic
integration of illegal migrants, many of whom
face persecution, crime, social and economic
marginalization, which may hinder social integration
and peaceful coexistence with citizens.
Finally, the book recommends developing effective
media campaigns to inform potential migrants
about available job opportunities in other countries
and how to obtain them. These campaigns
should focus on increasing awareness among
prospective migrants about the reality,
problems, and dangers of illegal migration,
including human trafficking.
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